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Imperial expansion began in the mid-18th century with the nations exploiting foreign lands for profit without directly taking territory but cooperating with local rulers. Due to the failings of colonization throughout the 19th century, many states began directly conquering most of Africa and Southeast Asia in the Age of Imperialism.
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Due to the failings of colonization in the Americas throughout the early 19th century, many states began directly conquering most of Africa and Southeast Asia in a new wave of imperialism that swept whole continents under foreign control with Europeans dominating the era.
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As industrial nations swept across the globe attempting to expand their empires by conquering new territories, the native population in those conquered territories typically resented foreign encroachment and resisted this expansion whenever possible fostering a rise in nationalism among native populations and uniting them against imperial powers.
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Imperial empires needed raw materials and resources drawn from their imperial holdings as well as markets to sell their industrial manufactured goods. Therefore, economics was the largest driver of imperialism because, without a source of profit for the imperial empires, there would be no need to imperialize in the first place.
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Economies had been globalized by the Industrial Revolution due to economic imperialism or new modes of transportation like steamships and railroads. This led to the mass migration of people worldwide and impacted the new homes they made in foreign lands.
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