HOMER

GREECE
(?)
  • A Greek poet; author of the Iliad and the Odyssey

DARIUS

PERSIA
(r.522–486B.C.)
  • king of Sparta and hero of the Battle of Thermopylae where he was killed by the Persians in a heroic "last stand" 

LEONIDAS

GREECE (Sparta)
(r.489–480B.C.)
  • king of Sparta and hero of the Battle of Thermopylae where he was killed by the Persians in a heroic "last stand" 

PERICLES

GREECE (Athens)
(495–429B.C.)
  • Athenian leader noted for advancing democracy in Athens and ushering in its golden age 

PYTHAGORAS, 
HIPPOCRATES,
ARCHIMEDES

GREECE
(570-495BC) (460-370BC) (287-212BC)
  • (P) Greek philosopher and mathematician who proved the Pythagorean theorem
  • (H) "Founder of Medicine" who had high ideals for physicians & an oath
  • ​(A) Greek scientist who developed and advanced the concepts of the screw, lever, and pulleys along with the Principle of Displacement

PLATO

GREECE (Athens)
(428-348B.C.)
  • student of Socrates and founder of the Academy, best known for his philosophical works including Republic

PHILIP II

MACEDONIA
(r. 359-336B.C.)
  • issued 1st written laws for public view emphasizing an “eye for an eye”

CYRUS THE GREAT 

PERSIA
(r.559–530B.C.)
  • king of Persia and founder of the Persian empire
  • seen as a more compassionate ruler allowing conquered people to practice their own government and religion

XERXES

PERSIA
(r.486–465B.C.)
  • led a massive invasion of Greece on a campaign marked by the battles of Thermopylae, Salamis, and Plataea
  • ​seen as the last great king of Persia

THEMISTOCLES

GREECE (Athens)
(524–459B.C.)
  • directed the Greek naval forces against Persians in the Greco-Persian War winning the Battle of Salamis

HERODOTUS

GREECE
(484–425B.C.)
  • Greek historian, considered the father of History who famously wrote The Histories detailing the events before and during the Greco-Persian War

SOCRATES

GREECE (Athens)
(470–399B.C.)
  • philosopher who taught his pupils philosophy and ethics before being sentenced to death for corrupting Athens youth

ARISTOTLE

GREECE
(384–322B.C.)
  • student of Plato and teacher to Alexander the Great
  • ​helped spark intellectual revolutions for centuries with his teachings well embedded in Western thinking.

ALEXANDER THE GREAT

MACEDONIA
(r.336–323B.C.)
  • conquered the Persian Empire founding  many Greek-style cities along the way
  • ​spread Greek culture across the Middle East.
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