ROMULUS & REMES

ROME
(?)
  • Legendary figures in Roman history, they built a city that eventually became Rome.

TIBERIUS & GAIUS  GRACCHI

ROME
(r.133–121B.C.)
  • tried to pass reforms in the Roman Senate as tribunes of the plebs
  • ​​assassinated by a faction of senators

SULLA

ROME
(138–78B.C.)
  • won the first large-scale civil war in Roman history and became the first man of the Republic to seize power through force
  • revived the office of dictator after marching on Rome a second time and used his powers to purge his opponents, reform Roman constitutional laws, in order to restore the primacy of the Senate and limit the power of the tribunes of the plebs
  • ​resigned his dictatorship

CRASSUS

ROME
(115–53B.C.)
  • Roman general and statesman part of the 1st Triumvirate 
  • defeated Spartacus and crucified​ thousands of slaves in the 3rd Servile War
  • ​known as "the richest man in Rome"

AUGUSTUS CAESAR
(OCTAVIAN)

ROMAN EMPIRE
(r.27B.C.-14A.D.)
  • Roman general and statesman part of the 2nd Triumvirate  
  • founder of the Roman Empire and its first Emperor
  • ​​​help Rome come into the Pax Romana while expanding the Empire

DIOCLETIAN

ROMAN EMPIRE (East)
​(r284-305A.D.)
  • stabilized the empire and ended the Crisis of the Third Century
  • split the empire into two regions (West & East) run by co-emperors.

JESUS OF NAZARATH

JUDEA
(4-30A.D.)
  • teacher and prophet whose life and teachings form the basis of Christianity

PAUL 

ASIA MINOR
(4-30A.D.)
  • ministered to early Christian churches he formed around Asia Minor and the Eastern Empire
  • responsible for many of the books in the New Testament

HANNIBAL 

CARTHAGE
(247–181B.C.)
  • Carthaginian general who devastated the Italian peninsula during the Second Punic War, after crossing the Alps with an army

MARIUS

ROME
(157–86B.C.)
  • general who reformed the army by inviting poor people to join the army, creating a force more loyal to him than to Rome
  • served an unprecedented seven consulships
  • helped defeat the Cimbri and the Teutons 

POMPEY

ROME
(106–48B.C.)
  • ​Roman general and statesman part of the 1st Triumvirate
  • engaged in a civil war with Caesar and fled to Egypt where he was assassinated

JULIUS CAESAR

ROME
(100–44B.C.)
  • Roman general and statesman part of the 1st Triumvirate  
  • conquered the Celts and encountered the Germans in his conquest of Gaul (France)
  • engaged and won a civil war with Pompey 
  • became "dictator for life" before being assassinated by fellow senators 

NERO

ROMAN EMPIRE
(r.54–68A.D.)
  • 5th emperor of Rome whose rule is usually associated with tyranny and extravagance
  • ​first emperor to persecute Christians and may have been responsible for the Great Fire of Rome in 64A.D.

CONSTANTINE

ROMAN EMPIRE (East)
(306–337A.D.)
  • issued the Edict of Milan which outlawed the persecution of Christians
  • founded the city of Constantinople, the future capital of the Byzantine Empire
  • ​adopted the Christian faith near his deathbed becoming 1st Christian emperor

PETER

ROME
(r.30–64-68A.D.)
  • 1 of the 12 apostles of Jesus
  • first to preach to and convert Gentiles and traveled across the Roman Empire ending up in Rome
  • ​Roman Catholics consider him to be the first pope, bishop of Rome

ATTILA

HUNNIC EMPIRE
​(406-453A.D.)
  • expanded the rule of the Huns to include many Germanic tribes and attacked the Eastern Roman Empire in wars of expansion
  • helped spark the Migration of the People
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