Legendary figures in Roman history, they built a city that eventually became Rome.
TIBERIUS & GAIUS GRACCHI
ROME (r.133–121B.C.)
tried to pass reforms in the Roman Senate as tribunes of the plebs
assassinated by a faction of senators
SULLA
ROME (138–78B.C.)
won the first large-scale civil war in Roman history and became the first man of the Republic to seize power through force
revived the office of dictator after marching on Rome a second time and used his powers to purge his opponents, reform Roman constitutional laws, in order to restore the primacy of the Senate and limit the power of the tribunes of the plebs
resigned his dictatorship
CRASSUS
ROME (115–53B.C.)
Roman general and statesman part of the 1st Triumvirate
defeated Spartacus and crucified thousands of slaves in the 3rd Servile War
known as "the richest man in Rome"
AUGUSTUS CAESAR (OCTAVIAN)
ROMAN EMPIRE (r.27B.C.-14A.D.)
Roman general and statesman part of the 2nd Triumvirate
founder of the Roman Empire and its first Emperor
help Rome come into the Pax Romana while expanding the Empire
DIOCLETIAN
ROMAN EMPIRE (East) (r284-305A.D.)
stabilized the empire and ended the Crisis of the Third Century
split the empire into two regions (West & East) run by co-emperors.
JESUS OF NAZARATH
JUDEA (4-30A.D.)
teacher and prophet whose life and teachings form the basis of Christianity
PAUL
ASIA MINOR (4-30A.D.)
ministered to early Christian churches he formed around Asia Minor and the Eastern Empire
responsible for many of the books in the New Testament
HANNIBAL
CARTHAGE (247–181B.C.)
Carthaginian general who devastated the Italian peninsula during the Second Punic War, after crossing the Alps with an army
MARIUS
ROME (157–86B.C.)
general who reformed the army by inviting poor people to join the army, creating a force more loyal to him than to Rome
served an unprecedented seven consulships
helped defeat the Cimbri and the Teutons
POMPEY
ROME (106–48B.C.)
Roman general and statesman part of the 1st Triumvirate
engaged in a civil war with Caesar and fled to Egypt where he was assassinated
JULIUS CAESAR
ROME (100–44B.C.)
Roman general and statesman part of the 1st Triumvirate
conquered the Celts and encountered the Germans in his conquest of Gaul (France)
engaged and won a civil war with Pompey
became "dictator for life" before being assassinated by fellow senators
NERO
ROMAN EMPIRE (r.54–68A.D.)
5th emperor of Rome whose rule is usually associated with tyranny and extravagance
first emperor to persecute Christians and may have been responsible for the Great Fire of Rome in 64A.D.
CONSTANTINE
ROMAN EMPIRE (East) (306–337A.D.)
issued the Edict of Milan which outlawed the persecution of Christians
founded the city of Constantinople, the future capital of the Byzantine Empire
adopted the Christian faith near his deathbed becoming 1st Christian emperor
PETER
ROME (r.30–64-68A.D.)
1 of the 12 apostles of Jesus
first to preach to and convert Gentiles and traveled across the Roman Empire ending up in Rome
Roman Catholics consider him to be the first pope, bishop of Rome
ATTILA
HUNNIC EMPIRE (406-453A.D.)
expanded the rule of the Huns to include many Germanic tribes and attacked the Eastern Roman Empire in wars of expansion
