LOUIS XVI

GERMANY
​(1400-1468)

• king of France during the French Revolution whose opposition to reform contributed to the overthrow of the monarchy
• beheaded for treason against the country of France prior to the Reign of Terror

MAXIMILIEN 
ROBESPIERRE

ENGLAND
​​(r.1509–1547)

• Jacobin lawyer who led the most radical phase of the French Revolution: the Reign of Terror
• his execution ended the Reign of Terror

NAPOLEON 
BONAPARTE

ITALY
(1564–1642)

• overthrew the French revolutionary government, the Directory, in 1799 and became emperor of the French in 1804
  
• engaged in warfare with most of Europe during the Napoleonic Wars spreading revolutionary/Enlightenment ideas throughout Europe
  
• his failed attempt to invade Russia in 1812 led to his downfall
  
• returned to power briefly in 1815 but was defeated at Waterloo and died in exile.

MARIE ANTONIETTE

HOLY ROMAN EMPIRE
​​(1483–1546)

• queen of France (as wife of Louis XVI) who was unpopular for her extravagance
• guillotined along with her husband

JEAN-PAUL MARAT

ENGLAND
(1473–1543)

• Jacobin newspaper editor who helped launch the Reign of Terror and complied death lists, being an advocate of violent measures
• stabbed to death in his bath by Charlotte Corday

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