ARCHDUKE FRANZ  FERDINAND

AUSTRIA-HUNGARY
​(1863-1914)

• heir to the Austria-Hungarian throne who was assassinated in Sarajevo starting World War I.

GRIGORI RASPUTIN

RUSSIA
​​(1869–1916)

• self-proclaimed mystical healer who befriends the royal family after helping heal the royal's hemophilic son and influencing Russian politics

LEON TROTSKY

RUSSIA
(1879–1940)

• Russian revolutionary and Communist theorist who helped Lenin and built up the army during the Russian Civil War

NICHOLAS II

RUSSIA
​​(r.1894–1917)

• the last czar of Russia who was forced to abdicate his throne in March 1917 during the Russian Revolution
• his son, heir to the throne, was a hemophiliac

VLADIMIR LENIN

RUSSIA
​(1870–1924)

• leader of the Bolshevik (later Communist) Party who lead the Bolsheviks to victory during the Russian Revolution and the civil war that followed
• became first leader of the Soviet Union

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